src/cx/array_list.h

/*
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
 *
 * Copyright 2021 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/**
 * @file array_list.h
 * @brief Array list implementation.
 * @author Mike Becker
 * @author Olaf Wintermann
 * @copyright 2-Clause BSD License
 */


#ifndef UCX_ARRAY_LIST_H
#define UCX_ARRAY_LIST_H

#include "list.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 * The maximum item size in an array list that fits into
 * a stack buffer when swapped.
 */
CX_EXPORT extern const unsigned cx_array_swap_sbo_size;

/**
 * Declares variables for an array that can be used with the convenience macros.
 *
 * @par Examples
 * @code
 * // integer array with at most 255 elements
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED(int, myarray, uint8_t)
 *
 * // array of MyObject* pointers where size and capacity are stored as unsigned int
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED(MyObject*, objects, unsigned int)
 *
 * // initializing code
 * cx_array_initialize(myarray, 16); // reserve space for 16
 * cx_array_initialize(objects, 100); // reserve space for 100
 * @endcode
 *
 * @param type the type of the data
 * @param name the name of the array
 * @param size_type the type of the size (should be uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, or size_t)
 *
 * @see cx_array_initialize()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add()
 * @see cx_array_simple_copy()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_sorted()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_sorted()
 */
#define CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED(type, name, size_type) \
    type * name; \
    /** Array size. */ size_type name##_size; \
    /** Array capacity. */ size_type name##_capacity

/**
 * Declares variables for an array that can be used with the convenience macros.
 *
 * The size and capacity variables will have type @c size_t.
 * Use #CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED() to specify a different type.
 *
 * @par Examples
 * @code
 * // int array
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE(int, myarray)
 *
 * // initializing code
 * cx_array_initialize(myarray, 32); // reserve space for 32
 * @endcode
 *
 * @param type the type of the data
 * @param name the name of the array
 *
 * @see cx_array_initialize()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add()
 * @see cx_array_simple_copy()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_sorted()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_sorted()
 */
#define CX_ARRAY_DECLARE(type, name) CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED(type, name, size_t)

/**
 * Initializes an array with the given capacity.
 *
 * The type of the capacity depends on the type used during declaration.
 *
 * @par Examples
 * @code
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED(int, arr1, uint8_t)
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE(int, arr2) // size and capacity are implicitly size_t
 *
 * // initializing code
 * cx_array_initialize(arr1, 500); // error: maximum for uint8_t is 255
 * cx_array_initialize(arr2, 500); // OK
 * @endcode
 *
 *
 * The memory for the array is allocated with the cxDefaultAllocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array
 * @param capacity the initial capacity
 * @see cx_array_initialize_a()
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED()
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 */
#define cx_array_initialize(array, capacity) \
        array##_capacity = capacity; \
        array##_size = 0; \
        array = cxMallocDefault(sizeof(array[0]) * capacity)

/**
 * Initializes an array with the given capacity using the specified allocator.
 *
 * @par Example
 * @code
 * CX_ARRAY_DECLARE(int, myarray)
 *
 *
 * const CxAllocator *al = // ...
 * cx_array_initialize_a(al, myarray, 128);
 * // ...
 * cxFree(al, myarray); // remember to free with the same allocator
 * @endcode
 *
 * @param allocator (@c CxAllocator*) the allocator
 * @param array the name of the array
 * @param capacity the initial capacity
 * @see cx_array_initialize()
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE_SIZED()
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 */
#define cx_array_initialize_a(allocator, array, capacity) \
        array##_capacity = capacity; \
        array##_size = 0; \
        array = cxMalloc(allocator, sizeof(array[0]) * capacity)

/**
 * Defines a reallocation mechanism for arrays.
 * You can create your own, use cx_array_reallocator(), or
 * use the #cx_array_default_reallocator.
 */
struct cx_array_reallocator_s {
    /**
     * Reallocates space for the given array.
     *
     * Implementations are not required to free the original array.
     * This allows reallocation of static or stack memory by allocating heap memory
     * and copying the array contents; namely when @c stack_ptr in this struct
     * is not @c NULL and @p array equals @c stack_ptr.
     *
     * @param array the array to reallocate
     * @param old_capacity the old number of elements
     * @param new_capacity the new number of elements
     * @param elem_size the size of each element
     * @param alloc a reference to this allocator
     * @return a pointer to the reallocated memory or @c NULL on failure
     */
    void *(*realloc)( void *array, size_t old_capacity, size_t new_capacity,
            size_t elem_size, struct cx_array_reallocator_s *alloc);

    /**
     * The allocator that shall be used for the reallocations.
     */
    const CxAllocator *allocator;
    /**
     * Optional pointer to stack memory
     * if the array is originally located on the stack.
     */
    const void *stack_ptr;
};

/**
 * Typedef for the array reallocator struct.
 */
typedef struct cx_array_reallocator_s CxArrayReallocator;

/**
 * A default array reallocator that is based on the cxDefaultAllocator.
 */
CX_EXPORT extern CxArrayReallocator *cx_array_default_reallocator;

/**
 * Creates a new array reallocator.
 *
 * When @p allocator is @c NULL, the cxDefaultAllocator will be used.
 *
 * When @p stack_ptr is not @c NULL, the reallocator is supposed to be used
 * @em only for the specific array initially located at @p stack_ptr.
 * When reallocation is needed, the reallocator checks if the array is
 * still located at @p stack_ptr and copies the contents to the heap.
 *
 * @note Invoking this function with both arguments being @c NULL will return a
 * reallocator that behaves like #cx_array_default_reallocator.
 *
 * @param allocator the allocator this reallocator shall be based on
 * @param stack_ptr the address of the array when the array is initially located
 * on the stack or shall not reallocate in place
 * @return an array reallocator
 */
CX_EXPORT CxArrayReallocator cx_array_reallocator(
        const struct cx_allocator_s *allocator, const void *stack_ptr);

/**
 * Reserves memory for additional elements.
 *
 * This function checks if the @p capacity of the array is sufficient to hold
 * at least @p size plus @p elem_count elements. If not, a reallocation is
 * performed with the specified @p reallocator.
 * You can create your own reallocator by hand, use #cx_array_default_reallocator,
 * or use the convenience function cx_array_reallocator() to create a custom reallocator.
 *
 * This function can be useful to replace subsequent calls to cx_array_copy()
 * with one single cx_array_reserve() and then - after guaranteeing a
 * sufficient capacity - use simple memmove() or memcpy().
 *
 * The @p width in bytes refers to the size and capacity.
 * Both must have the same width.
 * Supported are 0, 1, 2, and 4, as well as 8 if running on a 64-bit
 * architecture. If set to zero, the native word width is used.
 *
 * @note This function will reserve the minimum required capacity to hold
 * the additional elements and does not perform an overallocation.
 *
 * @param array a pointer to the target array
 * @param size a pointer to the size of the array
 * @param capacity a pointer to the capacity of the array
 * @param width the width in bytes for the @p size and @p capacity or zero for default
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem_count the number of expected additional elements
 * @param reallocator the array reallocator to use
 * (@c NULL defaults to #cx_array_default_reallocator)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see cx_array_reallocator()
 */
cx_attr_nonnull_arg(1, 2, 3)
CX_EXPORT int cx_array_reserve(void **array, void *size, void *capacity,
        unsigned width, size_t elem_size, size_t elem_count,
        CxArrayReallocator *reallocator);

/**
 * Copies elements from one array to another.
 *
 * The elements are copied to the @p target array at the specified @p index,
 * overwriting possible elements. The @p index does not need to be in range of
 * the current array @p size. If the new index plus the number of elements added
 * extends the array's size, the remaining @p capacity is used.
 *
 * If the @p capacity is also insufficient to hold the new data, a reallocation
 * attempt is made with the specified @p reallocator.
 * You can create your own reallocator by hand, use #cx_array_default_reallocator,
 * or use the convenience function cx_array_reallocator() to create a custom reallocator.
 *
 * The @p width in bytes refers to the size and capacity.
 * Both must have the same width.
 * Supported are 0, 1, 2, and 4, as well as 8 if running on a 64-bit
 * architecture. If set to zero, the native word width is used.
 *
 * @note When this function does reallocate the array, it may allocate more
 * space than required to avoid further allocations in the near future.
 *
 * @param target a pointer to the target array
 * @param size a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param width the width in bytes for the @p size and @p capacity or zero for default
 * @param index the index where the copied elements shall be placed
 * @param src the source array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem_count the number of elements to copy
 * @param reallocator the array reallocator to use
 * (@c NULL defaults to #cx_array_default_reallocator)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see cx_array_reallocator()
 * @see cx_array_reserve()
 */
cx_attr_nonnull_arg(1, 2, 3, 6)
CX_EXPORT int cx_array_copy(void **target, void *size, void *capacity, unsigned width,
        size_t index, const void *src, size_t elem_size, size_t elem_count,
        CxArrayReallocator *reallocator);

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_copy() with a default layout and
 * the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param index (@c size_t) the index where the copied elements shall be placed
 * @param src (@c void*) the source array
 * @param count (@c size_t) the number of elements to copy
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_copy()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_copy_a(reallocator, array, index, src, count) \
    cx_array_copy((void**)&(array), &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        sizeof(array##_size), index, src, sizeof((array)[0]), count, \
        reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_copy() with a default layout and
 * the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param index (@c size_t) the index where the copied elements shall be placed
 * @param src (@c void*) the source array
 * @param count (@c size_t) the number of elements to copy
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_copy_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_copy(array, index, src, count) \
    cx_array_simple_copy_a(NULL, array, index, src, count)

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_reserve() with a default layout and
 * the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param count (@c size_t) the number of expected @em additional elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_reserve()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_reserve_a(reallocator, array, count) \
    cx_array_reserve((void**)&(array), &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        sizeof(array##_size), sizeof((array)[0]), count, \
        reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_reserve() with a default layout and
 * the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param count (@c size_t) the number of expected additional elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_reserve_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_reserve(array, count) \
    cx_array_simple_reserve_a(NULL, array, count)

/**
 * Adds an element to an array with the possibility of allocating more space.
 *
 * The element @p elem is added to the end of the @p target array which contains
 * @p size elements, already. The @p capacity must point to a variable denoting
 * the current maximum number of elements the array can hold.
 *
 * If the capacity is insufficient to hold the new element, an attempt to
 * increase the @p capacity is made and the new capacity is written back.
 *
 * The \@ SIZE_TYPE is flexible and can be any unsigned integer type.
 * It is important, however, that @p size and @p capacity are pointers to
 * variables of the same type.
 *
 * @param target (@c void**) a pointer to the target array
 * @param size (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param elem_size (@c size_t) the size of one element
 * @param elem (@c void*) a pointer to the element to add
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 */
#define cx_array_add(target, size, capacity, elem_size, elem, reallocator) \
    cx_array_copy((void**)(target), size, capacity, sizeof(*(size)), \
    *(size), elem, elem_size, 1, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_add() with a default layout and
 * the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add_a(reallocator, array, elem) \
    cx_array_simple_copy_a(reallocator, array, array##_size, &(elem), 1)

/**
 * Convenience macro that uses cx_array_add() with a default layout and
 * the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add(array, elem) \
    cx_array_simple_add_a(cx_array_default_reallocator, array, elem)

/**
 * Inserts a sorted array into another sorted array.
 *
 * If either the target or the source array is not already sorted with respect
 * to the specified @p cmp_func, the behavior is undefined.
 *
 * If the capacity is insufficient to hold the new data, a reallocation
 * attempt is made.
 * You can create your own reallocator by hand, use #cx_array_default_reallocator,
 * or use the convenience function cx_array_reallocator() to create a custom reallocator.
 *
 * @param target a pointer to the target array
 * @param size a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param cmp_func the compare function for the elements
 * @param src the source array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem_count the number of elements to insert
 * @param reallocator the array reallocator to use
 * (@c NULL defaults to #cx_array_default_reallocator)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 */
cx_attr_nonnull_arg(1, 2, 3, 5)
CX_EXPORT int cx_array_insert_sorted(void **target, size_t *size, size_t *capacity,
        cx_compare_func cmp_func, const void *src, size_t elem_size, size_t elem_count,
        CxArrayReallocator *reallocator);

/**
 * Inserts an element into a sorted array.
 *
 * If the target array is not already sorted with respect
 * to the specified @p cmp_func, the behavior is undefined.
 *
 * If the capacity is not enough to hold the new data, a reallocation
 * attempt is made.
 *
 * The \@ SIZE_TYPE is flexible and can be any unsigned integer type.
 * It is important, however, that @p size and @p capacity are pointers to
 * variables of the same type.
 *
 * @param target (@c void**) a pointer to the target array
 * @param size (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param elem_size (@c size_t) the size of one element
 * @param elem (@c void*) a pointer to the element to add
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 */
#define cx_array_add_sorted(target, size, capacity, elem_size, elem, cmp_func, reallocator) \
    cx_array_insert_sorted((void**)(target), size, capacity, cmp_func, elem, elem_size, 1, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_add_sorted() with a default
 * layout and the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_sorted()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add_sorted_a(reallocator, array, elem, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_add_sorted(&array, &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        sizeof((array)[0]), &(elem), cmp_func, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_add_sorted() with a default
 * layout and the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_sorted_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add_sorted(array, elem, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_simple_add_sorted_a(NULL, array, elem, cmp_func)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_insert_sorted() with a default
 * layout and the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param src (@c void*) pointer to the source array
 * @param n (@c size_t) number of elements in the source array
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_sorted()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_insert_sorted_a(reallocator, array, src, n, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_insert_sorted((void**)(&array), &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        cmp_func, src, sizeof((array)[0]), n, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_insert_sorted() with a default
 * layout and the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param src (@c void*) pointer to the source array
 * @param n (@c size_t) number of elements in the source array
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_sorted_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_insert_sorted(array, src, n, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_simple_insert_sorted_a(NULL, array, src, n, cmp_func)


/**
 * Inserts a sorted array into another sorted array, avoiding duplicates.
 *
 * If either the target or the source array is not already sorted with respect
 * to the specified @p cmp_func, the behavior is undefined.
 *
 * If the capacity is insufficient to hold the new data, a reallocation
 * attempt is made.
 * You can create your own reallocator by hand, use #cx_array_default_reallocator,
 * or use the convenience function cx_array_reallocator() to create a custom reallocator.
 *
 * @param target a pointer to the target array
 * @param size a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param cmp_func the compare function for the elements
 * @param src the source array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem_count the number of elements to insert
 * @param reallocator the array reallocator to use
 * (@c NULL defaults to #cx_array_default_reallocator)
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 */
cx_attr_nonnull_arg(1, 2, 3, 5)
CX_EXPORT int cx_array_insert_unique(void **target, size_t *size, size_t *capacity,
        cx_compare_func cmp_func, const void *src, size_t elem_size, size_t elem_count,
        CxArrayReallocator *reallocator);

/**
 * Inserts an element into a sorted array if it does not exist.
 *
 * If the target array is not already sorted with respect
 * to the specified @p cmp_func, the behavior is undefined.
 *
 * If the capacity is insufficient to hold the new data, a reallocation
 * attempt is made.
 *
 * The \@ SIZE_TYPE is flexible and can be any unsigned integer type.
 * It is important, however, that @p size and @p capacity are pointers to
 * variables of the same type.
 *
 * @param target (@c void**) a pointer to the target array
 * @param size (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the size of the target array
 * @param capacity (@c SIZE_TYPE*) a pointer to the capacity of the target array
 * @param elem_size (@c size_t) the size of one element
 * @param elem (@c void*) a pointer to the element to add
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @retval zero success (also when the element was already present)
 * @retval non-zero failure
 */
#define cx_array_add_unique(target, size, capacity, elem_size, elem, cmp_func, reallocator) \
    cx_array_insert_unique((void**)(target), size, capacity, cmp_func, elem, elem_size, 1, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_add_unique() with a default
 * layout and the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_unique()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add_unique_a(reallocator, array, elem, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_add_unique(&array, &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        sizeof((array)[0]), &(elem), cmp_func, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_add_unique() with a default
 * layout and the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param elem the element to add (NOT a pointer, address is automatically taken)
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_add_unique_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_add_unique(array, elem, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_simple_add_unique_a(NULL, array, elem, cmp_func)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_insert_unique() with a default
 * layout and the specified reallocator.
 *
 * @param reallocator (@c CxArrayReallocator*) the array reallocator to use
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param src (@c void*) pointer to the source array
 * @param n (@c size_t) number of elements in the source array
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_unique()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_insert_unique_a(reallocator, array, src, n, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_insert_unique((void**)(&array), &(array##_size), &(array##_capacity), \
        cmp_func, src, sizeof((array)[0]), n, reallocator)

/**
 * Convenience macro for cx_array_insert_unique() with a default
 * layout and the default reallocator.
 *
 * @param array the name of the array (NOT a pointer or alias to the array)
 * @param src (@c void*) pointer to the source array
 * @param n (@c size_t) number of elements in the source array
 * @param cmp_func (@c cx_cmp_func) the compare function for the elements
 * @retval zero success
 * @retval non-zero failure
 * @see CX_ARRAY_DECLARE()
 * @see cx_array_simple_insert_unique_a()
 */
#define cx_array_simple_insert_unique(array, src, n, cmp_func) \
    cx_array_simple_insert_unique_a(NULL, array, src, n, cmp_func)

/**
 * Searches the largest lower bound in a sorted array.
 *
 * In other words, this function returns the index of the largest element
 * in @p arr that is less or equal to @p elem with respect to @p cmp_func.
 * When no such element exists, @p size is returned.
 *
 * When such an element exists more than once, the largest index of all those
 * elements is returned.
 *
 * If @p elem is contained in the array, this is identical to
 * #cx_array_binary_search().
 *
 * If the array is not sorted with respect to the @p cmp_func, the behavior
 * is undefined.
 *
 * @param arr the array to search
 * @param size the size of the array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem the element to find
 * @param cmp_func the compare function
 * @return the index of the largest lower bound, or @p size
 * @see cx_array_binary_search_sup()
 * @see cx_array_binary_search()
 */
cx_attr_nonnull
CX_EXPORT size_t cx_array_binary_search_inf(const void *arr, size_t size,
        size_t elem_size, const void *elem, cx_compare_func cmp_func);

/**
 * Searches an item in a sorted array.
 *
 * When such an element exists more than once, the largest index of all those
 * elements is returned.
 *
 * If the array is not sorted with respect to the @p cmp_func, the behavior
 * is undefined.
 *
 * @param arr the array to search
 * @param size the size of the array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem the element to find
 * @param cmp_func the compare function
 * @return the index of the element in the array, or @p size if the element
 * cannot be found
 * @see cx_array_binary_search_inf()
 * @see cx_array_binary_search_sup()
 */
cx_attr_nonnull
CX_EXPORT size_t cx_array_binary_search(const void *arr, size_t size,
        size_t elem_size, const void *elem, cx_compare_func cmp_func);

/**
 * Searches the smallest upper bound in a sorted array.
 *
 * In other words, this function returns the index of the smallest element
 * in @p arr that is greater or equal to @p elem with respect to @p cmp_func.
 * When no such element exists, @p size is returned.
 *
 * When such an element exists more than once, the smallest index of all those
 * elements is returned.
 *
 * If @p elem is contained in the array, this is identical to
 * #cx_array_binary_search().
 *
 * If the array is not sorted with respect to the @p cmp_func, the behavior
 * is undefined.
 *
 * @param arr the array to search
 * @param size the size of the array
 * @param elem_size the size of one element
 * @param elem the element to find
 * @param cmp_func the compare function
 * @return the index of the smallest upper bound, or @p size
 * @see cx_array_binary_search_inf()
 * @see cx_array_binary_search()
 */
cx_attr_nonnull
CX_EXPORT size_t cx_array_binary_search_sup(const void *arr, size_t size,
        size_t elem_size, const void *elem, cx_compare_func cmp_func);

/**
 * Swaps two array elements.
 *
 * @param arr the array
 * @param elem_size the element size
 * @param idx1 index of the first element
 * @param idx2 index of the second element
 */
cx_attr_nonnull
CX_EXPORT void cx_array_swap(void *arr, size_t elem_size, size_t idx1, size_t idx2);

/**
 * Allocates an array list for storing elements with @p elem_size bytes each.
 *
 * If @p elem_size is #CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list stores pointers instead of
 * copies of the added elements, and the compare function will be automatically set
 * to cx_cmp_ptr(), if none is given.
 *
 * @param allocator the allocator for allocating the list memory
 * (if @c NULL, the cxDefaultAllocator will be used)
 * @param comparator the comparator for the elements
 * (if @c NULL, and the list is not storing pointers, sort and find
 * functions will not work)
 * @param elem_size the size of each element in bytes
 * @param initial_capacity the initial number of elements the array can store
 * @return the created list
 */
cx_attr_nodiscard
cx_attr_malloc
cx_attr_dealloc(cxListFree, 1)
CX_EXPORT CxList *cxArrayListCreate(const CxAllocator *allocator,
        cx_compare_func comparator, size_t elem_size, size_t initial_capacity);

/**
 * Allocates an array list for storing elements with @p elem_size bytes each.
 *
 * The list will use the cxDefaultAllocator and @em NO compare function.
 * If you want to call functions that need a compare function, you have to
 * set it immediately after creation or use cxArrayListCreate().
 *
 * If @p elem_size is #CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list stores pointers instead of
 * copies of the added elements and the compare function will be automatically set
 * to cx_cmp_ptr().
 *
 * @param elem_size (@c size_t) the size of each element in bytes
 * @param initial_capacity (@c size_t) the initial number of elements the array can store
 * @return the created list
 */
#define cxArrayListCreateSimple(elem_size, initial_capacity) \
    cxArrayListCreate(NULL, NULL, elem_size, initial_capacity)

#ifdef __cplusplus
} // extern "C"
#endif

#endif // UCX_ARRAY_LIST_H