src/cx/buffer.h

Mon, 16 Sep 2024 19:52:17 +0200

author
Mike Becker <universe@uap-core.de>
date
Mon, 16 Sep 2024 19:52:17 +0200
changeset 881
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parent 761
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child 890
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permissions
-rw-r--r--

add optimized implementation of insert_sorted for array lists

relates to #416

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1 /*
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2 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
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3 *
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4 * Copyright 2021 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.
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5 *
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6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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8 *
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9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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11 *
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12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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15 *
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16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
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17 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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18 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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19 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
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20 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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21 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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22 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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23 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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24 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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25 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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26 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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27 */
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28
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29 /**
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30 * \file buffer.h
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31 *
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32 * \brief Advanced buffer implementation.
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33 *
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34 * Instances of CxBuffer can be used to read from or to write to like one
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35 * would do with a stream.
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36 *
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37 * Some features for convenient use of the buffer
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38 * can be enabled. See the documentation of the macro constants for more
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39 * information.
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40 *
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41 * \author Mike Becker
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42 * \author Olaf Wintermann
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43 * \copyright 2-Clause BSD License
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44 */
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45
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46 #ifndef UCX_BUFFER_H
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47 #define UCX_BUFFER_H
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48
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49 #include "common.h"
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50 #include "allocator.h"
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51
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52 #ifdef __cplusplus
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53 extern "C" {
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54 #endif
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55
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56 /**
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57 * No buffer features enabled (all flags cleared).
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58 */
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59 #define CX_BUFFER_DEFAULT 0x00
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60
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61 /**
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62 * If this flag is enabled, the buffer will automatically free its contents when destroyed.
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63 */
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64 #define CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS 0x01
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65
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66 /**
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67 * If this flag is enabled, the buffer will automatically extends its capacity.
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68 */
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69 #define CX_BUFFER_AUTO_EXTEND 0x02
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70
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71 /** Structure for the UCX buffer data. */
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72 typedef struct {
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73 /** A pointer to the buffer contents. */
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74 union {
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75 /**
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76 * Data is interpreted as text.
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77 */
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78 char *space;
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79 /**
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80 * Data is interpreted as binary.
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81 */
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82 unsigned char *bytes;
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83 };
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84 /** The allocator to use for automatic memory management. */
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85 CxAllocator const *allocator;
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86 /** Current position of the buffer. */
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87 size_t pos;
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88 /** Current capacity (i.e. maximum size) of the buffer. */
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89 size_t capacity;
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90 /** Current size of the buffer content. */
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91 size_t size;
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92 /**
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93 * The buffer may not extend beyond this threshold before starting to flush.
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94 * Default is \c SIZE_MAX (flushing disabled when auto extension is enabled).
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95 */
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96 size_t flush_threshold;
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97 /**
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98 * The block size for the elements to flush.
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99 * Default is 4096 bytes.
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100 */
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101 size_t flush_blksize;
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102 /**
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103 * The maximum number of blocks to flush in one cycle.
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104 * Zero disables flushing entirely (this is the default).
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105 * Set this to \c SIZE_MAX to flush the entire buffer.
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106 *
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107 * @attention if the maximum number of blocks multiplied with the block size
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108 * is smaller than the expected contents written to this buffer within one write
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109 * operation, multiple flush cycles are performed after that write.
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110 * That means the total number of blocks flushed after one write to this buffer may
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111 * be larger than \c flush_blkmax.
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112 */
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113 size_t flush_blkmax;
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114
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115 /**
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116 * The write function used for flushing.
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117 * If NULL, the flushed content gets discarded.
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118 */
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119 cx_write_func flush_func;
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120
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121 /**
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122 * The target for \c flush_func.
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123 */
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124 void *flush_target;
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125
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126 /**
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127 * Flag register for buffer features.
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128 * @see #CX_BUFFER_DEFAULT
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129 * @see #CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS
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130 * @see #CX_BUFFER_AUTO_EXTEND
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131 */
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132 int flags;
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133 } cx_buffer_s;
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134
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135 /**
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136 * UCX buffer.
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137 */
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138 typedef cx_buffer_s CxBuffer;
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139
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140 /**
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141 * Initializes a fresh buffer.
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142 *
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143 * \note You may provide \c NULL as argument for \p space.
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144 * Then this function will allocate the space and enforce
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145 * the #CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS flag.
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146 *
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147 * @param buffer the buffer to initialize
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148 * @param space pointer to the memory area, or \c NULL to allocate
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149 * new memory
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150 * @param capacity the capacity of the buffer
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151 * @param allocator the allocator this buffer shall use for automatic
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152 * memory management. If \c NULL, the default heap allocator will be used.
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153 * @param flags buffer features (see cx_buffer_s.flags)
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154 * @return zero on success, non-zero if a required allocation failed
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155 */
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156 __attribute__((__nonnull__(1)))
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157 int cxBufferInit(
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158 CxBuffer *buffer,
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159 void *space,
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160 size_t capacity,
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161 CxAllocator const *allocator,
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162 int flags
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163 );
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164
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165 /**
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166 * Allocates and initializes a fresh buffer.
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167 *
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168 * \note You may provide \c NULL as argument for \p space.
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169 * Then this function will allocate the space and enforce
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170 * the #CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS flag.
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171 *
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172 * @param space pointer to the memory area, or \c NULL to allocate
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173 * new memory
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174 * @param capacity the capacity of the buffer
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175 * @param allocator the allocator to use for allocating the structure and the automatic
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176 * memory management within the buffer. If \c NULL, the default heap allocator will be used.
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177 * @param flags buffer features (see cx_buffer_s.flags)
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178 * @return a pointer to the buffer on success, \c NULL if a required allocation failed
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179 */
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180 CxBuffer *cxBufferCreate(
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181 void *space,
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182 size_t capacity,
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183 CxAllocator const *allocator,
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184 int flags
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185 );
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186
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187 /**
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188 * Destroys the buffer contents.
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189 *
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190 * Has no effect if the #CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS feature is not enabled.
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191 * If you want to free the memory of the entire buffer, use cxBufferFree().
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192 *
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193 * @param buffer the buffer which contents shall be destroyed
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194 * @see cxBufferInit()
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195 */
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196 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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197 void cxBufferDestroy(CxBuffer *buffer);
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198
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199 /**
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200 * Deallocates the buffer.
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201 *
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202 * If the #CX_BUFFER_FREE_CONTENTS feature is enabled, this function also destroys
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203 * the contents. If you \em only want to destroy the contents, use cxBufferDestroy().
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204 *
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205 * @param buffer the buffer to deallocate
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206 * @see cxBufferCreate()
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207 */
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208 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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209 void cxBufferFree(CxBuffer *buffer);
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210
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211 /**
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212 * Shifts the contents of the buffer by the given offset.
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213 *
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214 * If the offset is positive, the contents are shifted to the right.
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215 * If auto extension is enabled, the buffer grows, if necessary.
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216 * In case the auto extension fails, this function returns a non-zero value and
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217 * no contents are changed.
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218 * If auto extension is disabled, the contents that do not fit into the buffer
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219 * are discarded.
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220 *
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221 * If the offset is negative, the contents are shifted to the left where the
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222 * first \p shift bytes are discarded.
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223 * The new size of the buffer is the old size minus the absolute shift value.
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224 * If this value is larger than the buffer size, the buffer is emptied (but
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225 * not cleared, see the security note below).
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226 *
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227 * The buffer position gets shifted alongside with the content but is kept
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228 * within the boundaries of the buffer.
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229 *
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230 * \note For situations where \c off_t is not large enough, there are specialized cxBufferShiftLeft() and
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231 * cxBufferShiftRight() functions using a \c size_t as parameter type.
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232 *
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233 * \attention
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234 * Security Note: The shifting operation does \em not erase the previously occupied memory cells.
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235 * But you can easily do that manually, e.g. by calling
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236 * <code>memset(buffer->bytes, 0, shift)</code> for a right shift or
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237 * <code>memset(buffer->bytes + buffer->size, 0, buffer->capacity - buffer->size)</code>
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238 * for a left shift.
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239 *
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240 * @param buffer the buffer
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241 * @param shift the shift offset (negative means left shift)
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242 * @return 0 on success, non-zero if a required auto-extension fails
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243 */
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244 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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245 int cxBufferShift(
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246 CxBuffer *buffer,
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247 off_t shift
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248 );
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249
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250 /**
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251 * Shifts the buffer to the right.
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252 * See cxBufferShift() for details.
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253 *
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254 * @param buffer the buffer
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255 * @param shift the shift offset
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256 * @return 0 on success, non-zero if a required auto-extension fails
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257 * @see cxBufferShift()
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258 */
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259 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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260 int cxBufferShiftRight(
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261 CxBuffer *buffer,
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262 size_t shift
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263 );
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264
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265 /**
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266 * Shifts the buffer to the left.
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267 * See cxBufferShift() for details.
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268 *
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269 * \note Since a left shift cannot fail due to memory allocation problems, this
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270 * function always returns zero.
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271 *
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272 * @param buffer the buffer
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273 * @param shift the positive shift offset
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274 * @return always zero
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275 * @see cxBufferShift()
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276 */
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277 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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278 int cxBufferShiftLeft(
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279 CxBuffer *buffer,
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280 size_t shift
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281 );
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282
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283
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284 /**
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285 * Moves the position of the buffer.
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286 *
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287 * The new position is relative to the \p whence argument.
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288 *
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289 * \li \c SEEK_SET marks the start of the buffer.
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290 * \li \c SEEK_CUR marks the current position.
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291 * \li \c SEEK_END marks the end of the buffer.
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292 *
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293 * With an offset of zero, this function sets the buffer position to zero
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294 * (\c SEEK_SET), the buffer size (\c SEEK_END) or leaves the buffer position
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295 * unchanged (\c SEEK_CUR).
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296 *
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297 * @param buffer the buffer
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298 * @param offset position offset relative to \p whence
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299 * @param whence one of \c SEEK_SET, \c SEEK_CUR or \c SEEK_END
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300 * @return 0 on success, non-zero if the position is invalid
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301 *
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302 */
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303 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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304 int cxBufferSeek(
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305 CxBuffer *buffer,
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306 off_t offset,
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307 int whence
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308 );
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309
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310 /**
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311 * Clears the buffer by resetting the position and deleting the data.
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312 *
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313 * The data is deleted by zeroing it with a call to memset().
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314 * If you do not need that, you can use the faster cxBufferReset().
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315 *
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316 * @param buffer the buffer to be cleared
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317 * @see cxBufferReset()
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318 */
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319 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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320 void cxBufferClear(CxBuffer *buffer);
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321
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322 /**
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323 * Resets the buffer by resetting the position and size to zero.
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324 *
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325 * The data in the buffer is not deleted. If you need a safe
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326 * reset of the buffer, use cxBufferClear().
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327 *
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328 * @param buffer the buffer to be cleared
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329 * @see cxBufferClear()
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330 */
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331 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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332 void cxBufferReset(CxBuffer *buffer);
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333
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334 /**
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335 * Tests, if the buffer position has exceeded the buffer size.
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336 *
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337 * @param buffer the buffer to test
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338 * @return non-zero, if the current buffer position has exceeded the last
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339 * byte of the buffer's contents.
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340 */
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341 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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342 int cxBufferEof(CxBuffer const *buffer);
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343
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344
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345 /**
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346 * Ensures that the buffer has a minimum capacity.
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347 *
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348 * If the current capacity is not sufficient, the buffer will be extended.
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349 *
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350 * @param buffer the buffer
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351 * @param capacity the minimum required capacity for this buffer
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352 * @return 0 on success or a non-zero value on failure
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353 */
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354 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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355 int cxBufferMinimumCapacity(
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356 CxBuffer *buffer,
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357 size_t capacity
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358 );
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359
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360 /**
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361 * Writes data to a CxBuffer.
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362 *
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363 * If flushing is enabled and the buffer needs to flush, the data is flushed to
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364 * the target until the target signals that it cannot take more data by
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365 * returning zero via the respective write function. In that case, the remaining
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366 * data in this buffer is shifted to the beginning of this buffer so that the
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367 * newly available space can be used to append as much data as possible. This
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368 * function only stops writing more elements, when the flush target and this
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369 * buffer are both incapable of taking more data or all data has been written.
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370 * The number returned by this function is the total number of elements that
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371 * could be written during the process. It does not necessarily mean that those
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372 * elements are still in this buffer, because some of them could have also be
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373 * flushed already.
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374 *
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375 * If automatic flushing is not enabled, the position of the buffer is increased
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376 * by the number of bytes written.
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377 *
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378 * \note The signature is compatible with the fwrite() family of functions.
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379 *
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380 * @param ptr a pointer to the memory area containing the bytes to be written
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381 * @param size the length of one element
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382 * @param nitems the element count
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383 * @param buffer the CxBuffer to write to
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384 * @return the total count of elements written
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385 */
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386 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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387 size_t cxBufferWrite(
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388 void const *ptr,
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389 size_t size,
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390 size_t nitems,
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391 CxBuffer *buffer
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392 );
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393
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394 /**
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395 * Reads data from a CxBuffer.
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396 *
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397 * The position of the buffer is increased by the number of bytes read.
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398 *
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399 * \note The signature is compatible with the fread() family of functions.
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400 *
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401 * @param ptr a pointer to the memory area where to store the read data
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402 * @param size the length of one element
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403 * @param nitems the element count
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404 * @param buffer the CxBuffer to read from
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405 * @return the total number of elements read
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406 */
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407 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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408 size_t cxBufferRead(
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409 void *ptr,
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410 size_t size,
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411 size_t nitems,
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412 CxBuffer *buffer
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413 );
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414
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415 /**
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416 * Writes a character to a buffer.
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417 *
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418 * The least significant byte of the argument is written to the buffer. If the
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419 * end of the buffer is reached and #CX_BUFFER_AUTO_EXTEND feature is enabled,
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420 * the buffer capacity is extended by cxBufferMinimumCapacity(). If the feature is
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421 * disabled or buffer extension fails, \c EOF is returned.
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422 *
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423 * On successful write, the position of the buffer is increased.
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424 *
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425 * @param buffer the buffer to write to
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426 * @param c the character to write
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427 * @return the byte that has bean written or \c EOF when the end of the stream is
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428 * reached and automatic extension is not enabled or not possible
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429 */
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430 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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431 int cxBufferPut(
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432 CxBuffer *buffer,
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433 int c
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434 );
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435
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436 /**
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437 * Writes a string to a buffer.
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438 *
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439 * @param buffer the buffer
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440 * @param str the zero-terminated string
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441 * @return the number of bytes written
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442 */
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443 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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444 size_t cxBufferPutString(
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445 CxBuffer *buffer,
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446 const char *str
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447 );
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448
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449 /**
483
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450 * Gets a character from a buffer.
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451 *
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452 * The current position of the buffer is increased after a successful read.
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453 *
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454 * @param buffer the buffer to read from
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455 * @return the character or \c EOF, if the end of the buffer is reached
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456 */
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457 __attribute__((__nonnull__))
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458 int cxBufferGet(CxBuffer *buffer);
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459
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460 #ifdef __cplusplus
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461 }
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462 #endif
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463
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464 #endif // UCX_BUFFER_H

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